TYPES OF WATERPROOFING - HDPE, SBS, PU MEMBRANE & CEMENTITIOUS COATING / CRYSTALLINE COATING AND BRICK BAT COBA

CONTENT

SL NO	TYPES OF WATERPROOFING	AREA OF APPLICATION
1	HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) MEMBRANE WATERPROOFING.	Below Raft / Foundation
2	SBS SELF ADHESIVE MEMBRANE WATERPROOFING	Outside of RCC wall (Retaining Wall, Lift wall, STP Wall, etc.)
3	SOLVENT BASED POLYURETHANE (PU) MEMBRANE WATERPROOFING	Terraces and Podiums, positive side on substructure , Roof gardens, cover tunnels, UG metro station roofs
4	POLYMER MODIFIED CEMENTITIOUS COATING / CRYSTALLINE COATING WATERPROOFING.	Any concrete, cement or masonry surface, Swimming pools, water features and water tanks, Bathrooms, toilets, balconies
5	INTEGRAL CRYSTALLINE ADMIXTURE WATERPROOFING	Roof slabs and screeds, Water tanks, Bathrooms and balconies,  Sumps and drains
6	BRICK BAT WATERPROOFING	Protection of waterproofing layer

1. HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) MEMBRANE

DESCRIPTION:

•    HDPE Membrane is made of high density Polyethylene material with pressure sensitized adhesive. Protective coating and release liner is applied above the membrane.

•      It forms a bond with the wet concrete poured over it and becomes monolithic part of the structure.

•      This prevents water ingress between the membrane and RCC structure.

 

FEATURES & BENEFITS:

Ø  Continuous adhesive bond to poured concrete.

Ø  Provides a barrier to water, moisture and gas.

Ø  Unaffected by ground settlement.

Ø  Ready for placement of reinforcement bars.

Ø  Excellent chemical resistant to soil types.

Ø  Lateral water migration resistant.

Ø  Resistant to acid and alkali.

TECHNICAL PARAMETERS

PROPERTIES                         TYPICAL VALUE               TEST METHOD

Colour                                                White

Thickness                                          1.2mm                                    ASTM D3767

Peel Adhesion to concrete             >= 1200 N/m                             ASTM D903

Resistance to Hydrostatic Head    >70 m                                         ASTM D5385

Low temperature Flexibility            -23 deg C Pass                         ASTM D1970

Puncture Resistance                      >950 N                                       ASTM E154

Elongation                                        >500%                                    ASTM D412

Tensile strength ( film)                    28.2MPa                                    ASTM D412

Crack cycling @-23 deg C             Pass                                           ASTM C836

* Note: Typical Value may change brand wise.

 

TYPICAL AREA OF APPLICATION:

Ø  HDPE membrane is used as waterproofing and damp proofing intended for concrete protection of basement for both high and low waterproofing.

Ø  It may be used for horizontal and vertical application and as a damp proofing course for tanking below ground structures, subways, retaining walls etc. (i.e. Below Raft / Foundation)

 

METHOD OF APPLICATION:

SURFACE PREPARATION:

Ø  The concrete surface shall be cleaned thoroughly of all contaminants like dust, traces of curing compound, oil and grease.

Ø  All surface imperfections, protrusions, structurally unsound and friable concrete must be removed and repaired with a suitable concrete repair mortar.

Ø  All surface cracks must be repaired with approved repairing materials.

 

INSTALLATION OF HDPE MEMBRANE:

Ø  Film side HDPE membrane to be placed on the PCC substrate with adhesive/sand layer side up facing towards the concrete/Raft pour and end lapping positioning is as per manufacturer's guideline.

Ø  It is essential to achieve continuous bond without creases and with a heavy roller to roll firmly.

Ø  All the overlaps and end laps to be secured additionally by applying over the joints in opposite direction with double sided tapes to ensure watertight joints.

Ø  Provide Pressure Release Pipe (PRP) and with washed gravels  at the time of laying of PCC.

Ø  After completion of installation of HDPE membrane, reinforcement fixing and concreting activities can be started.

 

2. SBS SELF ADHESIVE MEMBRANE

DESCRIPTION:

SBS - Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene.

SBS is a thermo plastic elastomer that has an excellent abrasion resistance and aging stability when blended with bitumen, making it the perfect bitumen modifier to achieve cold flexibility and elastic properties. 

This membrane exhibits excellent tensile strength, tear strength, puncture resistance and dimensional stability.

  

FEATURES & BENEFITS:

Ø  Excellent flexibility and High tensile strength, tear & puncture resistance.

Ø  Excellent adhesion to vertical and horizontal surfaces.

Ø  Excellent resistance to chlorides, sulphates, alkalis and acids.

Ø  Good tear and puncture resistance.

Ø  Durable in comparison to conventional low end waterproofing systems.

Ø  Excellent water tightness if applied as per recommended system and application.

Ø  Good temperature resistance to cold and warm temperatures

 

TECHNICAL PARAMETERS

PROPERTIES                                      TYPICAL VALUE                    TEST METHOD

Thickness, mm                                                                                       ASTM D 5147

Unit Weight, Kg/Sq.m                                  2.617  to 3.207                   ASTM D 6164

Softening Point, (°C)                                   100 to 110                            ASTM D 36

% Elongation at break, Longitudinal        50                                            ASTM D 5147

Tensile Strength Longitudinal, N/5 cm    600 700                                    ASTM D 5147

% Elongation at break, Transverse                       50                               ASTM D 5147

Tensile Strength Transverse, N/5 cm       400 to 700                               ASTM D 5147

Low Temp. Flexibility, °C                            Pass at -18                            ASTM D 5147

Tear Strength Longitudinal, N                   311 to  700                            ASTM D 4073

Tear Strength Transverse, N                      120 to 700                            ASTM D 4073

* Note: Typical Value may change brand wise.

TYPICAL AREA OF APPLICATION

Ø  SBS self adhesive membrane is used as waterproofing and damp proofing intended for protection of concrete structure like; Outside of RCC wall (Retaining Wall, Lift wall, STP Wall, etc.)

Ø  It may be used for horizontal and vertical application and as a damp proofing course for tanking below ground structures, subways, retaining walls etc.

METHOD OF APPLICATION:

SURFACE PREPARATION :

Ø  The surface shall be cleaned thoroughly of all contaminants like dust, traces of curing compound, oil and grease.

Ø  All surface imperfections, protrusions, structurally unsound and friable concrete must be removed and repaired with a suitable concrete repair mortar.

Ø  All surface cracks must be repaired with approved repairing materials.

PRIMING:

Ø  Apply Primer @ 4-6 sq.mtrs./litre or as per manufacturer’s recommendation to a clean, smooth and dry surface by brush or roller.

Ø  Allow the primer to dry prior to the application of the membrane.

Ø  The primer also acts as a binder for the dust which gets accumulated on the concrete surface even after cleaning.

INSTALLATION OF SBS MEMBRANE:

Ø  Start the installation of all membrane plies from the low point, so that the flow of water is over or parallel to the plies, but never against the laps. Begin membrane application by unrolling the roll of  SBS membrane and aligning the side laps.

3. SOLVENT BASED POLYURETHANE (PU) MEMBRANE

DESCRIPTION:

Ø  Solvent based PU membrane is a modified PU coating which cures by reaction with atmospheric moisture and forms a seamless highly elastic membrane for all below and above the grade waterproofing specifications.

Ø  Solvent based PU is designed with a high solid content which gives a high film build up and has a good adhesion to wide range of cementitious and masonry substrates. Due its liquid application nature it can be applied to all substrates which exhibit high detailing.

 

 FEATURES & BENEFITS:

Ø  Superior durability and thermal stability.

Ø  Forms a seamless and tough waterproof barrier.

Ø  Superior flexibility and elongation of  more than 500 %.

Ø  Superior crack bridging ability (CBA) up to 2mm.

Ø  Excellent adhesion to wide level of masonry and cementitious substrates.

Ø  Maintains its mechanical properties over a temperature span of -40°C to +80°C .

Ø  Superior resistance to chemicals, mild acids and alkali, corrosive soil conditions, resistance against saline water and high suphate resistance.

Ø  Easy to apply coating by brush or spray.

 

TECHNICAL PARAMETERS

PROPERTIES                                    TYPICAL VALUE                        TEST METHOD

Density, g/cm3                                              1.24

Solid by Mass,%                                           85% Max

Application Limits deg. C                            5 – 60

Approximate Dry Time                                 12 – 24 hrs. touch dry,          7 days full cure

(20o C, 50% RH)

Elongation %                                                600%                                   ASTM D412

Tensile Strength MN/m2 minimum           2                                                ASTM D412

Accelerated Weathering 12000hrs        No appreciable deterioration        ASTM G154

Hydrolysis Resistance                                Excellent

Resistance to Industrial Environments        Good

Storage Stability in Unopened Container     6 months

Crack Bridging Ability                                 Result: 2.6mm                      ASTM 836-84m

                                                                   (20 deg. C, 0.4mm thick EMB)

Hardness (Shore 00/ A)                              90 / 50                                   ASTM C836-05

Low Temperature Flexibility Crack Bridging   No cracking

Adhesion-in-Peel (mortar)                          6.5 lb./in

Extensibility after Heat Aging                    No cracking

Water Vapour Permeability *            Result: 22.2 g/( m2/24h)/1mm Hg     ASTM E96-05

* Note: Typical Value may change brand wise.

 

TYPICAL AREA OF APPLICATION:

Ø  Waterproofing of Wet Areas in Bathrooms, Kitchens, Balconies, etc.

Ø  Metal and asbestos roofs,

Ø  Swimming Pool, artificial lakes and ponds,

Ø  Roof gardens,

Ø  Retaining wall and foundations,

Ø  Auxiliary Rooms,

Ø  Roofs./ Metal/ Asbestos, Terraces and Podiums (to be protected with screed), etc.,

Ø  Can be coated only from positive side on substructure,

Ø  Cut and cover tunnels, UG metro station roofs ,

 

METHOD OF APPLICATION:

i) SURFACE PREPARATION:-

Ø  The surface needs to be clean, dry and sound, free of any contamination, which may harmfully affect the adhesion of the membrane.

Ø  Maximum moisture content should not exceed 5%. Substrate compressive strength should be at least 25 MPa, cohesive bond strength at least 1.5 MPa.

Ø  New concrete structures need to dry for at least 28 days. Old, loose coatings, dirt, fats, oils, organic substances and dust need to be removed by a grinding machine. Possible surface irregularities need to be smoothened.

Ø  Any loose surface pieces and grinding dust need to be thoroughly removed.

Ø  WARNING: Do not wash surface with water.

Ø  All surface cracks, undulations and voids must be repaired before application using a suitable repairing material.

Ø  Substrates must be surface dry prior to application.

Ø  During surface preparation all fittings of drain outlets work must be completed.

ii) PRIMING:

Ø  Prime absorbent surfaces like concrete, cement screed with PU Primer and allow the primer to air cure according manufacturer’s technical instruction.

iii) APPLICATION OF PU MEMBRANE:

Ø  Stir well before using. Pour the PU solvent onto the primed surface and lay it out by roller or brush, until all surface is covered.

Ø  Airless spraying method can be allowed a considerable saving of manpower.

Ø  After 12-18 hours (not later than 48 hours) apply another layer of the PU solvent.

Ø  For best results, the temperature during application and cure should be between 5ºC and 35ºC. Low temperatures retard cure while high temperature speed up curing. High humidity may affect the final finish.

iv) COATING OVERLAY WITH BRICKBAT COBA OR CHINA MOSAIC:

Ø  After the coating is dried lay sand and cement mortar (Plaster) prepared with mixing of integral waterproofing compound and covering the complete exposed flat area including up stand areas for the protection of applied coating.

Ø  Upon completion of the plaster and proper curing/drying, further finishing activities such as brickbat coba, china mosaic & tile fixing can be carried out with proper slope towards the drain water outlet.

            OR

PROTECTION CONCRETE SCREED:

Ø  Spread minimum 100 grm /m2 geotextile over cured Solvent based PU membrane as separation layer, before a concrete screed is laid.

Ø  Protect the coating with a concrete screed in M 20 grade.

Ø  The protective screed concrete of 40-50 mm (minimum) thickness maintaining an average slope of 1:100 towards the drain outlets for effective and efficient draining of water.

Ø  The screed concrete should also have poly propylene fibre 12 mm length & should not be less than 150 gram per 50 kg bag of cement.

Ø  The addition of fibre will contribute in controlling cracking caused by volume change (Expansion & Contraction). Helps in increasing flexural strength.

Ø  After the application of screed, provide control joints along the length and breadth of entire screed area.

 

           

4. POLYMER MODIFIED CEMENTITIOUS COATING / CRYSTALLINE COATING

DESCRIPTION:

Ø  Cementitious coating or Crystalline Coating is a composed of high quality of cement, graded inert aggregates, proprietary waterproofing active chemicals & additives.

Ø  It is used as a chemically active waterproofing treatment for concrete surface.

Ø  Crystalline Coating when mixed with water and applied as a brush coat to concrete, it penetrates deeply into the capillaries of the concrete to form billions of needles like crystal which blocks the pores, voids & micro cracks in concrete.

   

FEATURES & BENEFITS:

Ø  Becomes an integral part of the concrete.

Ø  Applied from either the positive or negative side.

Ø  Effective against hydrostatic pressure from either positive/negative surface of the concrete slab.

Ø  Excellent adhesion to concrete and masonry substrates.

Ø  Easy to apply by brush.

Ø  Applicable over green concrete and Can be applied on damp surfaces.

Ø  Seals hairline cracks up to 0.4 mm wide.

Ø  Resists chemical attack like chloride, sulphate, etc.

Ø  Penetrates deeply to seal capillary tracts and shrinkage cracks.

 

FEATURES & BENEFITS:

Ø  Becomes an integral part of the concrete.

Ø  Applied from either the positive or negative side.

Ø  Effective against hydrostatic pressure from either positive/negative surface of the concrete slab.

Ø  Excellent adhesion to concrete and masonry substrates.

Ø  Easy to apply by brush.

Ø  Applicable over green concrete and Can be applied on damp surfaces.

Ø  Seals hairline cracks up to 0.4 mm wide.

Ø  Resists chemical attack like chloride, sulphate, etc.

Ø  Penetrates deeply to seal capillary tracts and shrinkage cracks.

 

TYPICAL AREA OF APPLICATION:

Ø  Any concrete, cement or masonry surface that are subject to moisture ingress.

Ø  Swimming pools, water features and water tanks.

Ø  Bathrooms, toilets, balconies, planters etc.

 

METHOD OF APPLICATION:

1. SURFACE PREPARATION

Ø  The substrate must be sound, clean and free from dirt, oil and loose material.

Ø  Masonry surfaces should be fully cured (minimum 28 days) prior to application.

Ø  All surface cracks, undulations and voids must be repaired before application using a suitable repairing material.

Ø  Substrates must be surface dry prior to application.

2.  MIXING

Ø  Using a slow speed mechanical mixer and a clean suitable mixing vessel, slowly add the powder component to the liquid polymer and stir until a smooth and homogenous slurry is achieved.

Ø  Allow the mixed slurry to stand for 5 – 10 minutes before use.

Ø  Do not dilute with water.

3. APPLICATION

Ø  Apply mixed cementitious slurry by brush, roller.

Ø  Allow the first coat to dry completely for 6 – 8 hours before applying the second coat.

Ø  Apply second coat at right angles to the first coat.

Ø  Cure the applied cementitious slurry for period of 7 to 10 days.

 

5. INTEGRAL CRYSTALLINE ADMIXTURE

DESCRIPTION:

Ø  Crystalline Admix (integral crystalline waterproofing admix) is added to the concrete mix at the time of batching.

Ø  It is used as a chemically active waterproofing treatment for concrete.

Ø  These active chemicals react with the water in fresh concrete with the by-products of cement hydration to cause a catalytic reaction, which generates a non-soluble crystalline formation throughout the pores and capillary tracts of the concrete.

Ø  Thus, the concrete becomes permanently sealed against the penetration of water or liquids from any direction.

FEATURES & BENEFITS:

Ø  Corrosion resistant - Makes concrete more cohesive, hence protects steel better against corrosion.

Ø  Compatibility – Being a liquid, easily dispersible & compatible with concrete/mortar mixes.

Ø  Permeability – It reduces the permeability of water into concrete.

Ø  Strength – The setting time and compressive strength of the concrete remains within the specification limits.

Ø  Shrinkage – Reduces shrinkage crack development in plaster & concrete.

Ø  Workability – Improves workability of freshly mixed cement concrete.

Ø  Durability – Increases durability by improving waterproofing of concrete.

TECHNICAL PARAMETERS:

PROPERTIS                                    TYPICAL VALUE                TEST METHOD

Appearance                                      Free flowing liquid

Colour                                                Wine red

Specific gravity @ 25 deg.C           1.04 – 1.09

Non volatile content                        13.5 - 14.5%

pH value                                            11.0 – 14.0

Setting time, minutes                      Passes                                   IS : 2645 : 2003

Chloride content                              Max. 2.00%                           IS : 2645 : 2003

Water permeability                           Passes                                   IS : 2645 : 2003

Compressive strength N /mm2                 As per the standard IS : 2645 : 2003

* Note: Typical Value may change brand wise.

TYPICAL AREA OF APPLICATION:

Waterproofing of concrete and sand-cement mortars used in:

Ø  Basements,

Ø  Roof slabs and screeds,

Ø  Water tanks & water retaining structures,

Ø  External plastering,

Ø  Bathrooms and balconies,

Ø  Sumps and drains

METHOD OF APPLICATION:

Ø  Charge cement & aggregates to concrete mixer as per the mix design, mix in dry state for 1–2 minutes.

Ø  Start addition of 75–80% mixing water as per mix design & mix for 2-3 minutes.

Ø  Integral water proofing admixture is added as per the recommended dosage into the remaining mixing / gauging water, then add to concrete mixer & mix for another 2 minutes.

Ø  Place the concrete or apply plaster, as needed.

Ø  Cure the applied mortar or concrete as per good construction practices i.e. 7 to 10 days.

 

 

  

 

 SPECIFICATION OF WATERPROOFING SYSTEM FOR DIFFERENT ELEMENTS

S. N	Element of Structure	Type of Product
1	Basement
A	Wet basement & Lift pits – High water table	Bottom side - Fully bonded, pure HDPE membrane. Outside (Vertical) - Fully bonded, SBS membrane.
B	Dry Basement & Lift pits – Low water table	Penetron - CRYSTALLINE ADMIXED WATERPROOFING SYSTEM (water bars at every construction joint)
C	Underground Water tank –High water table	Outside - Fully bonded, pure HDPE membrane. Inside - 2 mm thick Acrylic Polymer based elastomeric cementitious w.p. coating +  epoxy food grade coating
D	Underground Water tank –Low water table	Integral - Penetron - CRYSTALLINE ADMIXED WATERPROOFING SYSTEM (water bars at every construction joint) Inside - 2 mm thick Acrylic Polymer based elastomeric cementitious w.p. coating +  epoxy food grade coating
E	STP – High water Table	Bottom side - Fully bonded, pure HDPE membrane. Outside (Vertical) - Fully bonded, SBS membrane. Inside - 2 mm thick Acrylic Polymer based elastomeric cementitious w.p. coating +  2 component, coal tar epoxy for chemical resistance
F	STP – Low water Table	Penetron - CRYSTALLINE ADMIXED WATERPROOFING SYSTEM (water bars at every construction joint) Inside - 2 mm thick Acrylic Polymer based elastomeric cementitious w.p. coating +  2 component, coal tar epoxy for chemical resistance
2	Podium -	- 1.5 mm thk Single component, pure Polyurethane (PU) waterproof coating. + drain cells for landscape area
3	SWIMMING POOL & OTHER WATER BODIES	Integral - Penetron - CRYSTALLINE ADMIXED WATERPROOFING SYSTEM (water bars at every construction joint) Inside - 2 mm thick Acrylic Polymer based elastomeric cementitious w.p. coating
4	WET AREAS (Sunken Portions)	2 mm thick Acrylic Polymer based elastomeric cementitious w.p. coating + Waterproofing Screed + Brick bats
5	TOP TERRANCE	1.5 mm thk Single component, pure Polyurethane waterproof coating.
6	EXPANSION JOINT TREATMENT	Highly elastic, root-proof and chemically resistant flexible sealing membrane. Kemper V210 ; BASF-MasterSeal 930 , VEXCOLT-Flexatec 1000
7	PIPE INLET / OUTLET TREATMENT (AT ALL LOCATIONS) .	High strength, non-shrink, free flow, cementitious grout for bore packing + Non reinforced, cold applied,  twin side adhesive tape to create bond between pipes and cementitious surface.

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